1. The Chemistry of Starches and Sugars Present in Food. - Natural Carbohydrates. - Granular Starch Modifications. - Extensive Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch. - Simple Natural Carbohydrates and Their Derivatives. - Conclusions. - 2. Structure of Starch in Food: Interaction of Starch and Sugars with Other Food Components. - Gelatinisation Retrogradation and Resistant Starch. - Changes in Starch During and After Technological Treatments. - ProteinStarch Interaction. - StarchLipid Interaction. - Interaction of Starch and Sugars with Minerals. - Sugars and Protein. - Conclusions. - Addendum. - 3. The Digestion of Starches and Sugars Present in the Diet. - Digestion of Dietary Carbohydrates. - Assessment of Dietary Carbohydrate Digestibility. - Factors Affecting the Digestion of Dietary Carbohydrates. - Conclusion. - 4. The Role of the Gut Microflora in the Digestion of Starches and Sugars: With Special Reference to Their Role in the Metabolism of the Host Including Energy and Vitamin Metabolism. - Classification of Carbohydrates in Foods. - Sugars. - Starches. - The Intestinal Microflora. - Implications of the Interactions with the Microflora. - Conclusions. - 5. Dietary Carbohydrate and the Kinetics of Intestinal Functions in Relation to Hexose Absorption. - The Handling of Carbohydrate by the Mammalian Small Intestine. - Transport Mechanisms for the Monosaccharides. - Characterisation of Transport Mechanisms by Kinetic Analysis. - Fructose Absorption 100 Are There Any Remaining Controversies in Hexose Absorption?. - Absorption of Free Glucose and Galactose Compared with Those Produced from Disaccharides. - Adaptations Induced by Changes in Dietary Carbohydrate. - Conclusion. - 6. The Role of Dietary Starches and Sugars and Their Digestive End Products on Gastrointestinal HormoneRelease. - Gastrointestinal Hormones. - Release of Gastrointestinal Hormones by Carbohydrates. - Conclusions. - 7. The Metabolism of Sugars and Starches. - Metabolism: General Considerations. - Glucose Metabolism. - Starch. - Glucose: Whole Body Economy. - Galactose. - Fructose. - Fructose and the Liver. - Fructose and Adipose Tissue. - Fructose Metabolism and Hyperuricaemia. - Polyols. - Carbohydrate Metabolism and Vitamins. - Non-enzymatic Glycosylation. - 8. Glycaemic Responses to Sugars and Starches. - Reasons for Measuring Blood Glucose Concentrations. - Factors Affecting Glycaemic Responses to Meals. - Glycaemic Response to Sugars and Starches in Solution. - Glycaemic Response to Sugars in Solution Versus Solid Food. - Blood Glucose Responses to Meals. - Acute and Chronic Glycaemic Responses to Sugary and Starchy Diets. - Reactive Hypoglycaemia. - Comment. - Summary and Conclusions. - 9. The Relationship Between Lipid Metabolism and Dietary Starches and Sugars. - Plasma Lipids. - Adipose Tissue. - Liver Lipid. - Conclusion. - 10. The Effects on Energy Input and Output of Dietary Starches and Sugars. - History. - Effects on Respiratory Quotient. - Effects on Dietary-Induced Thermogenesis. - Effects on Body Weight. - Possible Explanations for the Differences Between the Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates on Body Weight Loss. - Effects on Carbohydrates on Energy Input. - Conclusions. - 11. The Influence of Starch and Sugar Intake on Physical Performance. - Physical Performance. - Fatigue. - Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Performance. - Starch and Sugar Intake and Performance. - Pre-exercise Carbohydrate Intake. - Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise. - Summary. - 12. Insulin Glucagon and Catecholamine Responses to the Ingestion of Various Carbohydrates. - Regulation of Glycaemia During an Oral Glucose Load. - Acute Insulin Response to Carbohydrates. - Acute Glucagon Response to Carbohydrates. - Acute Catecholamine Response to Carbohydrates. - Long-term Effect of Carbohydrate Feeding on the Metabolic and Hormonal Response to a Glucose Load. - Future Research and Overview. - 13. The Effect of Dietary Starches and Sugars on Satiety and on Mental State and Performance. - Satiety Effects of Carbohydrates. - Measurement of Satiety and its Mechanisms. - Satiety Effects of Sugar Solutions. - Satiety Effects of Disguised Maltodextrin. - Satiety Effects of Sweetness and of Energy Metabolism. - An Overview of Carbohydrate Actions in Satiety. - Sugary Versus Starchy Foods. - Practical Implications of Satiety Effects. - Improved Analysis of Satiety Mechanisms. - Effects on Mental Performance and Mood. Language: English