Since its invention by andrea alciato, the emblem is inextricably connected to the natural world. alciato and his followers drew massively their inspiration from it. for their information about nature, the emblem authors were greatly indebted to ancient natural history, the medieval bestiaries, and the 15th- and 16th-century proto-emblematics, especially the imprese. the natural world became the main topic of, for instance, camerarius's botanical and zoological emblem books, and also of the 'applied' emblematics in drawings and decorative arts. animal emblems are frequently quoted by naturalists (gesner, aldrovandi). this interdisciplinary volume aims to address these multiple connections between emblematics and natural history in the broader perspective of their underlying ideologies - scientific, artistic, literary, political and/or religious.contributors: alison saunders, anne rolet, marisa bass, bernhard schirg, maren biederbick, sabine kalff, christian peters, frederik knegtel, agnes kusler, aline smeesters, astrid zenker, tobias bulang, sonja schreiner, paul smith, and karl enenkel.