The present volume gathers together the talks presented at the second colloquim on the future professional communication in astronomy (fpca ii), held at harvard university (cambridge, ma) on 13-14 april 2010. this meeting provided a forum for editors, publishers, scientists, librarians and officers of learned societies to discuss the future of the field. the program included talks from leading researchers and practitioners and drew a crowd of approximately 50 attendees from 10 countries. these proceedings contain contributions from invited and contributed talks from leaders in the field, touching on a number of topics. among them: - the role of disciplinary repositories such as ads and arxiv in astronomy and the physical sciences; - current status and future of open access publishing models and their impact on astronomy and astrophysics publishing; - emerging trends in scientific article publishing: semantic annotations, multimedia content, links to data products hosted by astrophysics archives; - novel approaches to the evaluation of facilities and projects based on bibliometric indicators; - impact of government mandates, privacy laws, and intellectual property rights on the evolving digital publishing environment in astronomy; - communicating astronomy to the public: the experience of the international year of astronomy 2009.