defining a new development life-cycle methodology, together with a set of associated techniques and tools to develop highly critical systems using formal techniques, this book adopts a rigorous safety assessment approach explored via several layers (from requirements analysis to automatic source code generation). this is assessed and evaluated via a standard case study: the cardiac pacemaker. additionally a formalisation of an electrocardiogram (ecg) is used to identify anomalies in order to improve existing medical protocols. this allows the key issue - that formal methods are not currently integrated into established critical systems development processes - to be discussed in a highly effective and informative way.using event-b for critical device software systems serves as a valuable resource for researchers and students of formal methods. the assessment of critical systems development is applicable to all industries, but engineers and physicians from the health domain will find the cardiac pacemaker case study of particular value.